Locomotive and other boiler or steam generator



F 15 1927' Afs. DAVIDSON LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER BOILER OR STEAM GENERATOR 5 Sheets-Sheet Filed Dec. 9. 1924 Feb. 15, 1927.

A. s. DAVIDSON LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER BOILER 0R STEAM GENERATOR Filed Dec. 9, 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Feb. 15 1927.

5 Shets-Sheet 4 Filed Dec. 9. 1924 Feb. 15 1927.

A. S. DAVIDSON LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER BOILER OR STEAM GENERATOR 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 FiledDec. 9; 1924.

" 7 described hereina enlarged fines are 7 p comot v'e boilers as well as entailing a reduc- Patentecl Feb. 15, 1927.

" LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER B x-mm onsrnhivt Application filed December e, 924, Serial no This invention relates to locomotive and other boilers or-steam generators. v r The invention has for its principal-object to provide a simple and highly efiicient steam superheater having a large or ,maximum heating surface andso arranged as to be readily accessible'for examination or re} *inoval and renewal of its various parts. A

further object of the invention s to provide a steam generator which'shall be simple and compact in construction while at the same time-providing a relatively large or maximum evaporating surface.

Although the present invention will be fter with reference to locomotive bOllE-ISfitl'ldlike steam generators, of the smoke or firetubetype, dersteod that the invention is not restricted to such steam generators. When embodied in a locomotive steam generator of smoke-tube type t epresent invention ren- --ders unnecessary the usual enlargedfiue's or smok'e-tubes heretofore usually providedtto steam superheater, whlch a source of trouble in- 10- accommodate the tion in smoke-tube heating sur ace. The present invention enables all the smoke tubes of the boiler to be of the usual small diame 'ter, thus enabling the maXimum'smoke-tube heating surface to be obtained or main- 3 tained. Further such smoke-tubes: are untypes of heretofore fitted to obstructed by the insertion therein of superdated in a steam generator having-a supervcheater constructed and arranged according to this inventionfl I heaters according to this invention a'higher temperature ofsuperheated steam :can be ebtained. Further with thisiinvention-the objectionable drop in steam pressure which occurs in the usual superheaters of thesmoke or the tube type, :due to-wire (drawing, is prevented; -'The drop in steam pressure [as it is to be unthe through o Further with the vsuper- ALEC STUALRT nAvInson; onnonnon, EneLAnn; I

ennnnaron.

. "754924, and in :GreatBritain March 10, 1924..

between the boiler and heated steam fromathe header or-headerS 1s effectively prevented so that at the outlet steam from the header for the superheated or headers "the steam pressure will ,approxithe outlet i 01 ,super- ,mate :to'the'boiler steam -pressure, and ,the

pressure of steam at the engine valve jchests will also; approximate to the boiler steam pressure. p 4

V't'h the constructions i and arrangements according to this invention the usual longi- I tudinal stays extending through .th'eksteam space of a locomotiveltype boiler, from the front :of *the fireeboxtofithe smoke-box or uptake end of the fboiler may be ,reduced in number, or eliminated, and

the front or smoke boxjend of'the gboiler, serving ina highly eflicient manner as longitudinalstays. V I; urthe'r, in asteam generator withsuperheater :accordingto this invention awate'r tube fire-boxconstruction or equipment may be ,employed and the 'evaporative efficiency of @the boiler be thus considerably increased be replaced by smoke tubes, leading, from the fire-box to as compared with boilers of the locomotive-i or like smoke or fire tube type of this invention "W-i .preclated, by those 3 ll be understood and" apinafter given.

-the;;usual construction. Other advantages PTOVJQBLllOY skilled in -the gart, from the description ofembodiments thereof he'rei The invention principally consistsfl of 1a 7 locomotive or other tor of the type'above steam superheater vor 7 or are provided within superheating space or chambeiyor spaces or chambers, withinjor enclosed by the casing or shell'of'the firebox or furnace chamber, the said superheating space'or spacesibeing iimunioation with the steam and waterspaces of the boiler and being,

specified in I which a ithroughjsuitable' tubes or ducts and also in communication with the. fire-space or furnace chamber through suitable spaces, iopenings or ducts leading therefrom. The communication between the. superheating space or spa'ces 'andthe smoke-box or uptake ispreferablyeifected by smoke or fire- :tubespassing through thesteam orwater ,space, oribo'th, the openmgs for ducts forming [communica- .tion between theifirebox or furnace-cham- E her and {the Sai boiler or steam genera-- in communication with the smoke box or uptake of vthe boiler .of.. the;booly o. f1the-boiler,fand V I I steam superheaters: 1's. 7 I

ioe

'supierheatingp spaces for j tributing saturated and collecting superheatbefore such 7 box or furnace hereinafter described,

ed steam and superheating' pipes or elements arranged in such a position or positions in the'above mentioned superheating space or chamber as to be heated by the gases of combustion from the furnace chamber in their passage through such space or chamber gases pass into and through the to the smoke box or uptake.

boiler body further consists in the de- The invention tails of construction,arrangement and combination' of parts pointed out in the appended claims and hereinafter particularly described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which,

Fig. 1 is a transverse sectional elevation of the fire-box of a locomotiveboiler in which the side wall water spaces of the firechamber'are constituted by water tubes, the figure illustrating one embodiment of the invention and being a View. looking towards thefire-box tube plate of the boiler.

' Fig. 2is a central longitudinal vertical section of thefire-box shown in Fig. 1.

Figs. 3 and 4- areviews similar to Figs.

1 and2 but illustrating another embodiment of theinvention.

F1g. 5 1s a sectional one side wall of the her shown in' those figures.

Fig. 6 is an elevation to a larger scale, of certain parts shown in Figs. 3 and't and and 7 Fig. 7 illustrates, to a larger scale, the arrangement of the upper portions of some of theupflow water tubes or the firebox in ordcr to provide'for the passage of gases of combustion to the superheaters, as hereinat- -ter described. 7

' tion of the fire-box shell mg the fire-box .Referring to the drawings, in the enibodi 'ments of the invention therein shown, a. steam superhea ter is provided ineach of two chambers or spaces 1 within the; upper per or casing, one at each side thereof, each such space 1' being closed on'it's outer side by the plates '2 form inner side closed or separated from the the space or furnace chamber proper by a waterjacket'wall consisting of or comprising a number of vertically arranged "water tubes passage of furnace gases or .gases of of the boiler and each plan, the sectionbeing taken on the lines -XY, Figs. 2 and 4, offire-box or furnace cham-' she'll or casing and'on its 3 whicha-re arranged in a row or rows along each side of the. ber, the lower ends of the said tubes being connected. with leaders or chambers 4: at each side of the fire-box and situated adjacent to, preferably a little below, the fire grate or fire bars 5, the upper ends of the said tubes being, connected to and communicating with a drum or chamber 6 in the upper portion of the fire-box and in freecommunication at its ends with the usual water spaces'T, 8 of the boiler at the front and rear of the fire box, these water tubes 3 being preferably so arrangedas to form continuous orpracticah ly continuous walls or waterejackets at each side of the fire-box or furnace chamber; spaces or openings 3*, see Figs. 1 and 3, are provided in or throughthe upper portions of the said water-jacket or water tube walls 3 for a portion of their length (which may be about one-half the length) from the firehole or firedoor end of the fire-box towards the opposite or front end of the fire-box.

Each of the spaces 1 is shut offfrom comm-unication with the steam and water spaces said space is in communication, through smoke'orfire tubes 9, with the smokebox'at the front end of'the boiler, the rear ends of said fire tubes being secured, preferably expanded, in holes in the front wall or pla-tes'of the fire-box which constitutes the front end of the said chambers Or spaces 1, and-the front ends. of the said fire tubes are similarly secured in the smoke box tube plate of the-boiler. These smoke or fire tubes, which extend through the water space of the boiler and some, it may be, through the steam spaceof the boiler, form longitudinal stays, and are preferably small or relatively small tubes for cross-area as the 'usual smoke or fire tube of a'locomotive boilerg The steam super-heater in each of the spaces 1 consists ofa number of pipes 10 each of which may be bent to form a U-loop ele ment the ends (i. e. saturated steam inlet end and superheated steam outlet end) of each of said elements being .cured, preferably expanded, as a header 12 comprising a saturated steam, chamber 13 and superheated steam chan'ibcr l i, the superheated steam chamber l t being arranged in communica tion, through a con frontwall orplates duit passing through the at the'front end of the fire-box a pipe 15, which the cylinder valve chests of the engine. Tlhe-saturatedsteam chamber or header 13 receives saturated steam through a pipe ltd-leading from the regulator valve and through shown, in holes in a wall 11 oi.

fire-space or furnace chaminc instance of the same or approximately the same diameter or either externally of the boiler, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, or througlrthe steam space in the boiler barrel as shown in Figs. 3 ands.

In the embodiment of the invention shown inFigs. '1 and 2 the header 12in each of the spaces 1 may be and is shown as .ancasting comprising two. longitudinal steam chamibers :18 and leseparated by an internal wall or lpartition, andueach said header extends longitudinally of the fire-box casing for @the fuller nearl-ythe full length thereof so that alarge nuinbei ot super-heater -llll6IltS may have their inlet and outlet ends connected respectively with the saturatedand superheated steam -chambers -13, 14in the said headers. 'The topioroutcr sideiot each iheader opposite to thewall 11=in =WlllCli the are'respectively connected.

ends-o'f the superheatcr elements aresecured is provided with a-lrcn'ioyablecover plate 17 (or it maybe I cover 7 plates) secured by studs and nuts to the header and clos'ing openings gin-said outer side-or top through which to ls itor expanding or' securing may be inserted the ends of the elements in the wall '11 and for disconnecting or'dri'ving out theseends when necessary. Tubularbxtensions 16 are provided on the front end of theheader withflangesto which the pipes -15and 16 The drauglit through the smoke tubes 9,

throughnvhich gases of combustion pass from the fire-box'via-the chainbers 1 to'the smokeebox, be controlled by means oi adamper or dampers (not shown): in the smoke box atthe'iorward ends-of said fire f tubes. Such damper or dampers maybe opv ei'ate'd and controlled mechanically by'conlocomotive,

operated dash-potor a valve at-the' footplate.

e ections operable from the foot plateoi the may be operatediand-controlled-by-a steam cylinder controlled by YVhere the water-jacket walls oi? the irebox or furnace chamber consist of Water tubes therefmay-be an inner and an outer =ro'w of vertically disposed water tubes along leach-side oi the fire-box as shown'and the tubes 3 of the inner: row may tlie tubes 1 8 or the outer row i'elatirely'ilarge 'diaineter or cross-area; in the -construction shown the upper in communication junction boxes 4'.

be of small or relatively small diameter orcross-area while may each beof ends of the tubes, 3 are arranged witlrthe steam and water dru'nrG-jin-the up- Lpe1-porti0n of the space enclosed by the v plates'itormingthe shell or casingot'the firebox, AS'SllOWll the lower portion of they 'drunr6 forms a portion of the top or crown of'thefire space or furnace chamber.

The large diameter water tubes 18 are connected to and communicate at their lower ends with the water chambers, I leaders or argeztubes 18 being connected to and coinniunicatin with u perwater chambers dis- "tri'butorsor-ducts' 19 extending along each side of the fire-box within the space enclosed bythe shell=plates forming the outer casing i or-wall of the fire-box. In the construction shown {the 7 Water .plane; o ig-the said water distributorsvlt) extend longitudinally from end to lel ld of sthezfire-rboxiand or the said damper or dampers the upper ends of these distributors l9 aresituated with their centralhorizontal planes-on or approximately on-athecentral horizontal fire-b OX tube -.plate 120, and &.the

are indirect; and (free communication. at ztheir I opposite end-s, through i apertures ain thet'ront .1and zrea r walls or plates: otthe-fire-box Cor l'iurnace chamber, respectively :with the water space within the boiler barrel =7 and @the water space :8 at the :fire-door end fof-thei fires box 7 "l The iwatertubes 18 receive relatively .cool water through the distributors 19 and-conv'ey the lwatcrto the junction boxes 4rwhence :the water passes-upLthroughi-he tubes-3 into the steam and water drumb.

sta ceredarran ementeotltheu er ortions a a P :of the. small Water tubes 3=at eachside'o f the fireboxvis iprovided only for a predeterminedidistance, the lire-hole end of the fire-box towardsithe i opposite end of the fire-box} for "instance for ';about half the distance -fromithe fireshole .endto, the forward oriboilerbody endfthe corresponding upper portions :of the re:

along therow of tubes, from" P "vmainder ofwthe tubes 3 being-arranged or maintained side" by side kin close proximity iorinlcontactiwith each; other so-that the for ward portion of the row of tubes 3 ztutes a solid or 1 substantially solid or closed wall afor the furnace;chamber and, for the constisuperheater is located. Thesearrangements enable the smoke box draught to beaeflfeetivej for: withdrawing za' 5 suitable portion 1 or -.quanv mtity ofthegases of cm bustion from the atur- ;nace chamber into the superheater chamber, 7

the remaininggases of combustion pass ng direct i rom the fur'nace throu' h the .usual smoke or fire 2 tubes. within the boiler barrel ;orbody.

The staggered arrangement of the upper portions ofithe "water tubes?) 'inaybersuch' that the openings :or spaces 3 between these portions of the tubes, for i gases of combustion into the chambers containing the isuperheaters may extend JLipwar yfremwaboutlthe levelflot the water -'clisti-- utors lento the steam andr water drum 6.

he passage of the innein side 1 of the-space 1 lin NVhiChwthe steam 1 lac the row furnace chamber.

he close to or abut nace. 7 V

Aswill be seen on reference to Fig. 1,

each of the elements 10 is bent at to form U-shaped loops 10, return bends, and each element is so arranged that its return bend 10 is'situated towards andadjacent the drum 6, the other return bends 10 of the elementbeing situated towards andadjacent the inside of the plates 2 forming the casing or shell of three places the fire-box. The saturated steam inlet and 1 superheated steam outlet end portions of each of the elements are bent upwardly or outwardly towards the bottom or side 11 j of theheader 12 to which they are connected.

fThe headers 12 are situated adjacent the insideof the top plate of the fire-box casing,

one on each side of the drum 6, and each header with its bottom or side 11 at an angle 7 to the central vertical plane of the fire-boxcorresponding to that at which the loops 1 or U-shaped portions of the suprheater ele ments lie. On opposite sides of the header 7 12 laterally projecting lugs, plates or flanges ll -a-re provided whereby the header may be secured to the inside of the plate or plates forming 'the casing or shell of the fire-box and to the drum 6 to the sides of which drum suitable brackets maybe secured for supporting the header at that side.

1 Each of the water distributors 19 forms the bottom or closure for the lower side of comprises'a small .or

*header 12, which, 7 be a casting and which has two steam chamand 6, the superheater in'each the respective space 1 in which a steam superheater islocated; in the construction "shown the opposite or inner and outer sides of thedistributors 19 lie close to or abut against the outer sides of the water tubes 3 "and the inside of the plates forming the casing or shell of the fire-box.

In the alternative'andi preferred embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. 3, 4:, of the spaces 1 inthe upper part of the fire-box as in Figs. 1 and 2, may

- bers 13, 1 separated from each'other'by an internal partition orwall extending longi- "tudinally of the header; this header is arranged relatively close to the front plate of the fire-box and with its internal parti header.

10 being the comparatively small 'tion Wall lying at an angle to the central 8, the forward ends of each said element being secured in the wall 11 of theheader l2fso as to respectively communicate with. the saturated steam chamber 13 and with the superheated steam chamber 14 therein, these ends of the elements being preferably expandedin holes in the. wall 11 of the Openings are provided in the op posite side of the header (facing the water space 7 of the boiler) through which a tube expander may be inserted for expanding the ends of the elements in the holes in the rear wall 11, these openings being closed by a cover plate or cover plates 17' secured by studs and nuts. On the cover plate 17, or on one'of the cover plates, if a plurality be employed, there is provided a tubular extension 16*, which may be formed integrally with the cover plate, having at its forward end a flange, which may have an annular spigot or projection for connection to the end of the saturated steampipe 16 leading from the regulator to the saturated steam chamber in the header. .A tubular extension is provided on, secured to, the outer or upper sidewall 14 of the headerand in communication with the superheated steam chamber therein; the forward'end of this pipe 15 is' secured,

for instance by a flange and studs and nuts,

era-pipe 15 is in registration with a'hole' through the front plate of the fire-box adjacent to the'top of the fire-box casing, the superheated steam pipe. 15 to the engine valve chest being connected with this pipe or tubular extension 15 This superheated steam pipe 15 may be arranged to extend exteriorly of the boiler barrel as indicated in the drawings, or it might be arranged to extend through the steam space in the upper part of the boiler barrel and through the smoke box 'tube plate.

Each superheater element 10 comprises two straight portions or legs connected by a. return bend portion. 10 at the end of the element adjacent thebacl; water space 8 and the greater number of suchreturn bends are bent or kinked, as at 10, Fig. 6, ma lateral direction relatively to'the transverse plane of the header on which the ends of the elementconnected thereto lie, so that the centre 01 each such return bend portion-lies to one side of the longitudinal pipe forming a leg of anadjacent element, whereby any'individual one of; the elements so formed can, if necessary, be disconnectedand removed fromthe header without disturbing any of the other of such elements; an end view of such an element, looking forwardly or to chamber and two into the superheated steam in rows longitudinally to which the inlet and outlet ends of the su erheater elements are secured are preferably arranged in rows transversely of the header as shewn'in Fig. 6, inwhich arrangement, starting atone end or the header, ther'e'is a transverse row of four holes, two of which open into the saturated steam chamber and which accommodatethe inlet and outlet ends o'l two su erheater elements, while in the next adjacent row there are two holes, one leading into each chamber of the header and accommodating the inlet and outlet ends of one superheater element; in

the next row there are again four holes, and so on in alternate rows. The arrangement of these holes, as regards each compartment of the header, is also such that they are also of theheader, the holes in adjacent longitudinal rows, as well as those in adjacent transverse rows, being arranged in staggered relation. In the construction shewn,:-see Fig. 6, there are six longitudinal rows of holes in the wall 11, the holes of three rows being in communication with the saturated steam chamber 13 of the header and theholes of'the other three rows in Communication with the superheated steam chamber 14 of the header. The longitudinal pipes of the elements whose outlet ends are secured in the holes in the outermost longitudinal-row adjacent tothe' outer side wall 14 and the longitudinal pipes of the elements whose outlet ends are secured in the next or adjacentlongitudinal row oi'holes are arranged to lie closely Side by side in a row forming a continuous or practically continuous indicated in-Fig. 6, the pipes otthe elements whose ends are secured in the said ne'Xt longitudinal row of holes'in the header be ing set or bent outwardly at a short distance from their connection with the header wall, as at 10, Figs, l and 6, so that they occupy the spaces between the longitudinal pipes of the elements whose ends: are secured in the holes in the outermost longitudinal row. In this a protecting wall is formed which shields the plates of the fire-box has:

my; above" the superheater fro n' the action of the hot gasesot combustionand also shields the upper side of 'the su ei heater' header and the superheated steam outletf pipe in connection 1 therewith; The su er heater elements which hate the bent portions 10 are shorter than the remaining elements as seen in Fig. 4, and, as will be seen in Fig. 6, their return bends 10 are not tubular wall as being a relatively large kinked or V'ahaped as are those of the longer elements.

The headermay convenient manner. :For' instance a the outer end side of the header there may be formed a projection (not shown) constituting a bracket or foot which maybe adapted to .rest upon and be secured to the water dis= tributor 19., At the othe 'yen'd of the header another projection 12*,fFig'. 3, constituting a bra'cket'maybe provided'or formed, this bracket being adapted to bear against and be secured to the adjacent. side orwallof the drumt; V

The'form or eonst'ruction of the plates at to the other are such that the space between these plates below the boiler barrel is shut off from andthus does not communicate with the water space in the boiler barrel, the said space being be secured in place in v and at or adjacent to the lower I fthefront or boller end of the fire box and thelr connection one preferably filled with lire bricks as shown at 26, Figs.- 2

box is also-such that the flanges for connec tion of these plates to the wrapper' lates" not project into the the s ace or furnace;

chamber proper and aretl'iu's not ex osed to g and 4; The construction of the mailer plates at front and rear of the firethe action of the flames and bet gases olicombustion; the outer or front plate 2 1,and

the inner plate 22 at the forward or toilet end of the firebox have forwardly project ing flangesQl, 22 formed on thenrfor' at tachment to the wrapper plate'o'r casing of the firebox; and the outer plate has also formed on it alcirc'ular forwardly project in fiange 21? to which the boiler barrel isattached. ()n the inners plate' 22three circular inwardly rojecting flanges are formed which project into the upper portion of fire -boxfcasing' above the fire-space or furnace chamber proper, one of said flanges 22' flange to which the forward end of the drum 6 is secured, and the other two 22 relatively small flanges adjacent to the opposite edges' 'o'r sides of the plate and to which flanges the forward ends of the water distributors 19 are seeured: The said innerand rearwardly forattachment of the wmp eti v "uter plates 22, alert connected (fo1 instance riveted together) at by means-oi a forwardly 22 .at-the lower edge of The inner andouter plates fire-hole end of the th' more or less simi-' the.

plate 24 against which the said flanged part 23 -abuts, and both these plates are suitably punched or cut and flanged to form thevfire- 7 hole 25.

Referring more particularly to Figs. 2, t

' and 5 there is preferably provided at each endof the inner row of small or relatively small water tubes 3, at each side of the fire space or furnace chamber, a large or relatively large water tube 18 of flattened form in cross-section, the lower ends of these tubes l8 being connected to the junction boxes 4 and their upper ends to' the large drum 6'in'the upper part of the fire-box. These tubes 18 are therefore uptake water tubes, and serve not only to provide additional heating surface but also to insulate or protect the outer Wall or casing of the fire-box from the flame and hot gases of combustion, access of the flame to the spaces 1 in which the superheaters are located.

Ashereinbefore described each superheater hasits own independent superheated steam delivery pipe 15 leading to the valve chests of the engine cylindersythe superheaters be ing-themselves independent of each other. Provision might be made whereby, should it be necessary to put the superheater at one side outof use (for instance for repairs) the superheater at the other side of the firebox can supply superheated steam to' both or all the valve chests ofthecylinders. o

If desired the lower portions of the relatively small uptake water tubes 3 forming the inner rows of tubes along the sides of the furnace chamber may have their Walls thickened, for instance in the process of drawing the tubes, such thickening being for the purpose of minimizing the effects of, or compensating for, wear or abrasion of the said portions of the tubes through the erosive 'or abrasive action ofsolid fuel fed into the furnace chamber,

I What I claim is:

'1. In a steam generator,'a fire-box casing, fire-box end plates secured in the fire-box casing and forming with it partsofa space which is a portion of the steam andw'ater' space of the generator, a receiving drum'secured to the fire-box end plates and comma nicating with the said space, a header arranged longitudinally at the lower part of the fire-box casing, a series of inner water tubes connecting the said header with the and tend also to prevent direct said receiving drum and forming with the latter one side of the fire-box and aportionof its top, gas passages being formed between certain of the said inner tubes, a water distributor arranged between, the said inner tubes and the fire-box casing and communicating with the said space independently of thereceiving drum, a superheater chamber being formed between the fire-box casing and the inner tubes and between the water distributor and the receiving drum and between the iire-box end plates, and a steam superheater arranged in the said chamber and communicating with the steam and .wa ter space of the generator.

2. A steam generator as set forth in claim 1, and having two similar sets of devices as set forth, arranged one set at each sideof 1, the said superheater comprising afheader' arranged in the front end portion of the superheater chamber, and U-shaped superheater pipes secured to the header and arranged longitudinally in the said chamber,

5. A steam generator as set forth in claim 1, the said superheater comprising a header arranged in the front end portion of the superheater cham-ber,'and U-shaped superheater pipes secured to the header and arranged longitudinally in the said chamber, certain parts of the said superheater pipes being, arranged in close other to form a' shield which protects the fire-boxcasing from the gases of combustion admitted to the said chamber. 4

6. A steam superheater as set forth in claim 1, the said superheater comprising a header arranged in the front end portion of the superheater chamber, and U-shaped su perheater pipes secured to the header and arranged longitudinally in the said chamber, the return bends of the superheater pipes being kinked in a lateral direction relative to the transverse plane of the header.

7 A steam generator as set forth in claim 1, and provided also wit-h outlet pipes for the gases of combustion having their rear ALEC s. DAVIDSON.

proximity to eachsteam and 

